DFT — Exact fit to samples

The blue trace passes through the red sample points. The epicycle layout uses the vertical screen axis for the cosine sum \(\sum_k A_k\cos(kt+\varphi_k)\), so the dashed link to the pen is a horizontal line (same \(y\) as the graph).

1. Sample values \(y_n\)

6

2. Modes \(X_k\) (amplitude & phase)